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"Bad" Women Make Great History, Hist 2110/GSWS 2110: Find Primary Sources

Modern Europe as Lived and Shaped by Women, 1789-1968

Primary Sources in Books

 Use the Library Catalog to find books:

  • Author search by the name of your chosen research subject, last name/first name, e.g. Nightingale, Florence.
  • Subject search by the name of your chosen research subject, last name/first name, e.g. Nightingale, Florence.
  • Keyword search for primary sources on, e.g. [your topic] AND (diaries OR correspondence OR letters OR interviews OR "personal narratives" OR autobiograph* OR memoir* OR archives OR sources).

Primary Sources in History

Definition

"Primary sources are materials produced by people or groups directly involved in the event or topic under consideration, either as participants or witnesses." Secondary sources, on the other hand, "comment on and interpret primary sources".*

Examples of Primary Sources

  • Diaries, memoirs, autobiographies, letters, interviews, oral histories, personal narratives
  • Contemporaneous newspapers, magazines, and journals
  • Manuscripts, archival materials
  • Vital records
  • Government documents
  • Government records
  • Laws, cases, transcripts, minutes, hearings
  • Maps
  • Statistical data, including census data
  • Photographs, films, film scripts
  • Music, sound recordings, musical scores
  • Research data
  • Art and graphics
  • Realia, e.g. tools, needlework, etc.

*Mary Lynn Rampolla, A Pocket Guide to Writing in History, 4th ed. (Boston: Bedford, 2004), pp. 5-6.

See Primary Sources in American History for details on primary sources and how to find them.

Contemporaneous Journals, Magazines, and Newspapers

Look for foreign newspapers or use our list of historical newspapers to find U.S. perspective on European women and their times.

Other Resources

  • German History in Documents and Images (GHDI), "a comprehensive collection of primary source materials documenting Germany's political, social, and cultural history from 1500 to the present. It comprises original German texts, all of which are accompanied by new English translations, and a wide range of visual imagery."
  • Seventeen Moments in Soviet History, "primary materials designed to introduce students and the general public to the richness and contradictions of Soviet history"