Current statistics on education in individual states are available through the States' department of education websites.
State Contacts (State Department of Education), a list from the US Department of Education
If are not able link to your state through the list above, search first for official state website, there usually is a link to the state's department of education.
Other Sources for State Statistics
NCES Fast Facts-State level Statistics
Provides "recent state-by-state information on achievement, attainment, demographics, enrollment, finances and teachers at the elementary, secondary, and postsecondary level."
State Profiles
Find key data for states on the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) assessments. View trends and demographics, download snapshot reports, and compare results for each state/jurisdiction to the nation and to the other states.
Digest of Education Statistics
Fast Facts (NCES)
Nations Report Card (NAEP)
ELSi (Elementary/Secondary Information System, NCES)
Condition of Education (NCES)
U.S. Department of Education: Data and Statistics
National Center for Education Statistics
"The National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) is the primary federal entity for collecting and analyzing data related to education."
Digest of Education Statistics
Bureau of Labor Statistics: Wage Data by Area and Occupation
National and State teacher salary information
Proquest Statistical Insight
Documents and data from the US government, state, and private sources.
Statistical Abstract of the United States
Includes tables with historic data (1889-2010), and current data (choose Frasier publications)
U.S. Census Bureau Data
Explore Census Data
Includes population, housing, economic, education and geographic data; includes the annual American Community Survey.
Education Census Data
Includes school finance, enrollment, teaching statistics and more.
Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates (SAIPE)
"Single-year estimates of income and poverty for all U.S. states and counties as well as estimates of school-age children in poverty for all 13,000+ school districts."
State & Local Government Finances
Includes current and historical local education budget information