Research Guides: Chicago-Style Citations: Social & Online Media, Data, Music, and Other Non-Print Materials, 17th ed.: Online &Social Media

E-mail and Blogs

Email

Email is cited as "Personal communication" (see CMOS 17, 14.214) and is rarely cited in a bibliography. (You may cite an email in the text ("In an e-mail message to the author on October 13, 2014, Henning Mankell writes that...").

Note	49. Henning Mankell, email message to author, October 13, 2014.
Bibliographic Entry	Not usually done.

Blogs

Blogs are cited like online newspaper articles (see CMOS 17, 14.208).

Note	57. Andrew Rudalevige, “Reagan and KAL 007,” Monkey Cage (blog), Washington Post, July 18, 2014, http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/monkey-cage/wp/2014/07/18/reagan-and-kal-007/.
Bibliographic Entry	Griffey, Jason. "The Case for Open Hardware in Libraries." Pattern Recognition (blog). May 27, 2014. http://jasongriffey.net/wp/.

Facebook and Twitter

Citations for publicly available content shared via social should follow the guidelines stated in CMOS 17 14.209. Private content should be handled as personal communication (see CMOS 17 14.214). "Because social media content to subject to editing and deletion, authors are advised to retain a copy of anything they cite."

Facebook

Note	17. Bowdoin College, "Sixteen people on campus who previously had long, naturally colored hair have sporty new cuts in time for summer," Facebook, April 29, 2018, https://www.facebook.com/Bowdoin/videos/10156297907423194/.
Bibliographic Entry	Bowdoin College. "Sixteen people on campus who previously had long, naturally colored hair have sporty new cuts in time for summer." Facebook, April 29, 2018. https://www.facebook.com/Bowdoin/videos/10156297907423194/.

Comments on a FB and other posts

Comments may also be cited in reference to the related post, in a shortened form if fully cited elsewhere (see CMOS, 14.29-36)

Note	26. Michele Truty, “We do need a gender-neutral pronoun,” April 17, 2015, comment on Chicago Manual of Style, “singular they,” https://www.facebook.com/ChicagoManual/posts/ 10152906193679151? comment_id=10152906356479151.
Bibliographic Entry	Truty, Michele. “We do need a gender-neutral pronoun.” April 17, 2015, comment on Chicago Manual of Style, “singular they.” https://www.facebook.com/ChicagoManual/posts/ 10152906193679151? comment_id=10152906356479151.

Twitter

Note	57. Conan O’Brien (@ConanOBrien), “In honor of Earth Day, I’m recycling my tweets,” Twitter, April 22, 2015, 11:10 a.m., https://twitter.com/ConanOBrien/status/590940792967016448.
Bibliographic Entry	O'Brien, Conan (@ConanOBrien). “In honor of Earth Day, I’m recycling my tweets.” Twitter, April 22, 2015, 11:10 a.m. https://twitter.com/ConanOBrien/status/590940792967016448.